History of Israel Palestine Conflict | Timeline, History, Map
Israel Palestine Conflict History
This period of nationalism in Europe also was a period of colonization. In fact, colonization of the world had begun by European powers after geographical discoveries and Industrial Revolution. The British and the French resented the rise of Germany as they perceived it as a serious competitor.
The later part of the 1880s saw alliance formations in Europe which ultimately culminated in the First World War. Germany formed an alliance with Austria, Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire, while the British had formed their own alliance with the French. The Ottoman territory would be disastrous even for the British and French as they used the oil from the territory for industrial activities back home.
As the First World War broke out, in 1916, the British and the French signed the Sykes-Picot Agreement. Also known as the Asia Minor Agreement, the agreement had the British and the French decide the division of the Ottoman territory among themselves after the First World War. As the war ended, the British and French emerged victoriously and Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottomans lost. The victorious powers of the First World War now decided to curb German ambitions and also divide the Ottoman territory.
The Treaty of Versailles
As per the treaty, the Germans were not allowed to maintain a strong military and its resources were to be shared with victorious powers like Britain and France. The prime intention to inflict harm on Germany was to ensure that it does not recover enough to act as a threat to Britain and France again. It also severely limited Germany's colonial ambitions. The wars also created a sense of nationalism in the Jews.
The Jews were also inspired to have their own national home in the land they believed had been 'promised to them by God. Theodor Herzl, in 1896, established the World Zionist Organization in Basel in Switzerland as a political movement to take Jews from Europe to Zion. (Zionism subsequently emerged as a political movement of Jews, Zion or Jerusalem is where the Temple Mount is located in Palestine.) The basic idea of Theodor Herzl was that first, rich European Jews would go to Palestine and purchase lands and over a period of time, other Jews would go and settle in Palestine. Zionism, which emerged as a political movement, ended up being a movement to colonize Palestine. As the number of Jews in Palestine began to increase, the move was not appreciated by the Arabs.
Also, Read the Six-Day War Causes
Israel Palestine map |
The UNSCOP deliberated upon the Palestinian issue. During the UN debates, one group advocated that Arabs have been controlling Palestine, but Jews also have a rightful claim on the territory, and therefore the territory of Palestine should be partitioned for Arab Palestinians and Jews, creating a plan which came to be known as the Majority Plan. On the other hand, the other group advocated that horses should be a Federal Palestine and Jews can be accommodated in a unified Federal Palestine without the need to partition. Thus, this group created this plan which came to be known as the Minority Plan
As per the decision of the UN, with the support of the US, on 14 May 1948, Jewish Palestine got established on the demarcated territory and Israel, as a state, was born. However, the Arabs failed to establish Arab Palestine on the demarcated territory. In 1948, after the creation of Jewish Palestine or Israel, Syria, Lebanon, Iraq. Egypt and Jordan collectively attacked Israel.
This led to a tripartite agreement between Israel, Britain, and France in Sevres, France, after which, Ariel Sharon of Israel attacked Egypt and captured the Gaza Strip and Sharm el Shaikh
Establishment of Palestine Liberation Organization
In 1964, the Arabs established the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO). The PLO emerged as an organization of the Arabs fighting Israeli militarily for supremacy in the Palestinian region. Britain, France, and Israel, along with the Americans, condemned the creation of the PLO in 1967, Egypt was mobilizing its military units along with the Sinai and also closed the Gulf of Aqaba to Israel.
This war lasted for six days (also known as the Six-Day War) and Israel captured the Gaza Strip from Egypt. Israel also took the West Bank from Jordan and Golan Heights from Syria after the war. Arabs took the matter to the UN, urging the UN to compel Israel to vacate the occupied territory and go back to accept the borders that existed before the 1967 war.
Comments
Post a Comment